Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1739 –1807 was a German princess and composer. She became the duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, by marriage. She also established the Duchess Anna Amalia Library, which is now home to some 1,000,000 volumes.

A fire at the historic Anna Amalia Library in Weimar, Germany destroyed some 60,000 books and damaged 118,000 others in 2004. The library building has been restored.